In 1997, Wietse Venema at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center began writing an MTA so he would not have to live with Sendmail. On December 14, 1998, the code was released. It was called VMailer, then IBM Secure Mailer, then Postfix — “post” for mail, “fix” for repair. Twenty-eight years later, Postfix … Read more
In March 2013, during a five-minute lightning talk at PyCon in Santa Clara, Solomon Hykes showed what dotCloud used underneath its PaaS. Its name was Docker. On March 20, the code was released. In June 2014, version 1.0 arrived. Thirteen years later, Docker Engine 29.8.0 (September 3 … Read more
On June 6, 2014, Joe Beda made the first public commit of what would become Kubernetes: 250 files and 47,501 lines of Go, Bash, and Markdown. Four days later, Eric Brewer announced the project at DockerCon. A year later, on July 21, 2015, version 1.0 arrived — and Google announced that … Read more
In Brazil in the 2000s, putting Linux on the desktop still meant facing partitioning, LILO, and English-language forums. Carlos Eduardo Morimoto da Silva — the person behind Guia do Hardware — decided to do the opposite: a live CD in Portuguese, with KDE and “magic icons” that installed everything with one click, all fitting on a mini-CD … Read more
On April 29, 2005, two Linux developers in Vienna, Dietmar and Martin Maurer, released Proxmox Mail Gateway and registered the GmbH. Three years later came Virtual Environment: OpenVZ + KVM, a browser, Debian. In 2026, Proxmox VE 9.2 (May 21) runs kernel 7.0, QEMU 11, and LXC 7 … Read more
XCP was the free XenServer ISO. Citrix opened up the product in 2013, and XCP died on the wiki. In 2017, the Free edition lost live storage, dynamic memory, and GPU features. Olivier Lambert of Vates launched a Kickstarter, called it XCP-ng — next generation — and on March 31, 2018, released 7.4. The … Read more
XenServer is the product. Xen is the hypervisor. The confusion has lasted nineteen years: XenSource packages Cambridge’s work, Citrix buys it for half a billion, renames it Citrix Hypervisor, private equity restores the name, and in July 2026 XenServer 9 becomes “Citrix” again and supports every kind of workload — not just desktops. … Read more
In 2003, a hypervisor emerged from Cambridge’s Computer Laboratory and changed how servers were divided up. Xen — type 1, GPLv2, paravirtualization — became the foundation of Amazon EC2, Rackspace, and later Qubes OS. In 2026, Xen Project 4.21 is still the core of XenServer, XCP-ng, and a … Read more
On January 15, 2007, a GmbH in Weinstadt, Germany, released the code of the hypervisor it used with government and banking customers. The product was called VirtualBox. Within a year, it exceeded four million downloads; in February 2008, Sun bought Innotek; in January 2010, Oracle arrived. Nineteen years … Read more
Gitea (Git with a cup of tea) is a self-hosted forge in Go: Git repositories, PRs, issues, a wiki, a package registry, and CI/CD in the same binary. Forked from Gogs in 2016, licensed under MIT, it fits on a 1 GB VPS. The stable version in September 2026 is 1.27.3. This article deploys an instance with Docker … Read more
